Пожалуй самый простой бюджетный контроллер для электровелосипеда мощностью 350 Вт с моторколесом (BLDC двигателем). Средняя цена около 700 руб. с доставкой из Китая. Несмотря на дешевизну он вполне надёжный и функциональный.
Основные характеристики контроллера
- Питание от батарей с номинальным напряжением 36В, 48В
- Возможна работа моторколеса как с датчиками Холла, так и без них
- Автоматическое определение фазового угла датчиков Холла 60/120 градусов
- Номинальная мощность 350 Вт
- Максимальный ток 16-18A
- 6 FET транзисторов
- Размеры 10.3x7x3.5 см
Назначение проводов
- Три толстых провода на двигатель / желтый, синий, зеленый (три фазы мотора)
- Два толстых провода / красный «+», черный «-» на батарею и тонкий красный — на «зажигание», при его подключении на красный толстый провод включается контроллер
- Пять проводов на датчики холла / красный «+5В», черный «-«, желтый, синий, зеленый — сигналы с датчиков
- Провод на датчик тормоза (при замыкании на «-» отключается двигатель)
- Выход сигнала скорости (дублирует сигнал одной из фаз, напряжение +5В)
- Три провода на ручку газа / красный «+5В», черный «-«, зеленый «сигнал 0,8 … +4,2 В»
- Два провода на переключатель максимальной скорости (душилка) мощность при этом не меняется. Три уровня:
- 100% — ни один из проводов не подключен к «-«,
- 75% — синий провод подключен к «-«,
- 120% — черный провод подключен к «-«
- Два белых провода — «обучение»
Контроллер работает с ручками и курками газа на датчике Холла. Здесь собраны некоторые из них.
Обучение контроллера
Для того, чтобы контроллер понимал, в какую сторону вращать мотор, определить угол датчиков холла, необходимо произвести обучение. Обучение нужно провести только при первом включении системы, в дальнейшем вся нужная информация будет храниться в энергонезависимой памяти контроллера. В процессе обучения также контроллер понимает на какое напряжение установлена батарея — 36 или 48 В. Эту информацию он использует, чтобы отключить питание системы, когда она окажется разряжена. Функция защиты от переразряда присутствует и в BMS литиевой батареи, так что защита получается двойная и что-то из них сделает это первым.
При обучении необязательно, чтобы батарея была заряжена полностью. Ему достаточно любого значения из диапазона возможного напряжения. У батарей номиналом 36 В этот диапазон 30…42 В, у батарей 48 В — 39…54,6 В. Так как напряжение 48-ми вольтовой батареи при низком заряде залазит в область напряжений батареи 36-ти вольт, нужно её подзарядить перед обучением хотя-бы до 43 вольт.
Процесс обучения:
- Нужно вывесить колесо, чтобы оно могло свободно вращаться
- Соединить два провода обучения
- Подключить батарею
- Включить «зажигание» (красный тонкий провод на + батареи)
- Если колесо вращается в верном направлении — выключаем «зажигание» и разъединяем провода обучения. Обучение закончено
- Если колесо вращается не в ту сторону, размыкаем провода обучения и соединяем снова, направление вращения изменится, выключаем «зажигание» и разъединяем провода обучения. Обучение закончено
Что интересного внутри контроллера
Если вскрыть контроллер можно увидеть не совсем опрятную плату, по крайней мере у меня произошло так. Плату проверить всё же желательно, я обнаружил неотмытые капельки припоя, которых по хорошему там быть не должно. Также стоит обратить внимание на наличие термопасты на радиаторе с мосфетами. Электролитические конденсаторы по питанию установлены на 63 В. Мосфеты P65NF06 с предельно допустимым напряжением сток-исток (Uds): 60 В. То есть контроллер можно запитывать от батарей с немного более высоким напряжением, чем привычных, 48 В (54,6 мах). Это литий-ионная батарея 14S или литий-железо-фосфатная 16S. Напряжения этих полностью заряженных батарей 58,8 В и 58,4 В соответственно. Максимальная скорость в этом случае будет чуть больше.
Дополнительные функции контроллера
Кроме того на плате есть точки дополнительных функций, которые не выведены в общем пучке проводов. Функция срабатывает при подключении точки к общему проводу (GND). (Любой черный провод на плате это общий или GND).
Точки подписаны следующим образом:
| BH | тормоз высокий (срабатывает при подключении на +5 В) |
| BL | тормоз низкий (срабатывает при подключении на GND) |
| DD | реверс (задний ход, если позволяет конструкция мотора) |
| HI | понижение максимальной скорости |
| LO | повышение максимальной скорости |
| XH | круиз контроль (поддержка заданной скорости) |
| TS | вход сигнала ручки газа |
| XX | обучение (для входа в режим нужно соединить две точки) |
| EBS | торможение двигателем (активируется по сигналу с датчика тормоза) |
| а3 | противоугонка, режим паркинг (при подключенной батарее контроллер тормозит двигатель и не даёт укатить аппарат) |
Возможно кому-то эти функции пригодятся для своих проектов.
Принципиальная схема контроллера электровелосипеда 350 Вт
Эта схема также встречается в контроллерах мощностью до 350 Вт, выполненных в других корпусах.
R16 (шунт) на схеме это и есть тот шунт, от сопротивления которого зависит максимальный ток, подаваемый в мотор. Для увеличения тока сопротивление нужно уменьшить, например лужением. Для уменьшения, соответственно, сделать тоньше.
Смотрите также как своими руками прошить плату (контроллер) от гироскутера под управление с ручки или педалей газа. На основе такой платы можно построить электросамокат, электровелосипед, трайк, детский электромобиль с приводом на два колеса.
Мотор не работает (после проверки контроллера) на дисплее пиктограмма «Тормоза». Что необходимо предпринять? Дефект контроллера?
У моего контролёра есть два крассных свободных разъёма, : 1-красный и чёрный 2-синий, розовый, зелёный. Для чего эти свобободные разьемы? Велик: Jetson V8 Pro 20-D 500w 60v/20ah.
С каким LSD монитором он совместим. Разьем для монитора плоский 5 проводов красный синий черный зеленый желтый
Контролер не работает от ручки газа (ручку проверил исправна), работает когда кручу педали- что то не так. Может в настройках у меня дисплей только светодиоды….
получилось решить проблему? тоже есть велосипед с таким контроллером, но нет ручки газа, разъем есть на контроллере, какую ручку выбрать?
так должен работать
На сколько ампер поднимется ток если залудить шунт?
Глупейший вопрос — типа на сколько поднимется уровень воды у меня в бассейне если я вылью бочку 200 литров воды?….
Контроллер КТ 36/48 1500вт. Можно ли безопасно запитать светодиодный фонарик 4-5 В в качестве фары (поворотника). Какой вывод использовать.
Если подключишь на прямую, сгорит.
Лучше закажи с Алика понижающий dc-dc модуль.
Проверил штатные выводы фар. Там 52 В. А нужно 4-5 В .
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