Рассчитывая батарею для своего электровелосипеда или перед покупкой готового комплекта возникает логичный вопрос — какой пробег она сможет обеспечить на одной полной зарядке. К написанию статьи побудили заоблачные характеристики от некоторых недобросовестных продавцов и рекламщиков электротранспорта.
Иногда складывается впечатление, что пробег измерялся в условиях низкой гравитации и разряженной атмосферы.
Здесь я приведу конкретные примеры, какие результаты получились у меня с батареей, с измеренной фактической ёмкостью.
На таких малых удельных мощностях как в случае с электровелосипедом, пробег на одной зарядке будет зависеть от многих факторов. Постараюсь затронуть основные. Во всех замерах поездки были исключительно на ручке газа, без педалей.
Конфигурация электровелосипеда
Потребляемая мощность на километр пути зависит от типа применяемого двигателя. Для велосипедов до 250 Вт лучшим вариантом является редукторный мотор. (Именно мощность двигателя до 250 Вт это велосипед по ПДД. Всё, что выше — мопед и мотоцикл, для которых обязательны категории М и А соответственно.)
Дело в том, что мотор колесо прямого привода малой мощности не в состоянии выдать хороший крутящий момент со старта до набора скорости хотя-бы 10 — 15 км/ч. Энергия батареи в таком режиме больше тратится на нагрев обмоток а не на движение. Моторколёса с прямым приводом в ободе большого диаметра становятся актуальными на мощностях более 1 кВт. Но это уже не из категории велосипедов.
Редукция позволяет намного улучшить эту ситуацию. Обычно коэффициент редукции в редукторном моторколесе составляет около 4:1. Ротор сделает в 4 раза больше оборотов, чем колесо. Крутящий момент на колесе при этом возрастет также в 4 раза. Это позволяет двигателю увереннее стартонуть, быстрее разогнаться и выйти на нормальные обороты с высоким КПД.
То же самое и с кареточным мотором, редукция там тоже делает своё дело. Кареточный мотор также за счет цепной передачи позволит пользоваться штатным переключателем скоростей. Это ещё больше расширит возможность регулирования тяги на старте и на высокой скорости. Редукторное моторколесо в свою очередь проще в установке, дешевле, надежней и требует меньшее ТО.
Двигатели конечно это отдельная обширная тема. Но в случае с темой о пробеге они обязательно должны быть упомянуты.
Конфигурация моей «электрички»
- двигатель редукторный в заднем колесе 250 Вт / 36 В. (В моём случае мотор работает в форсированном режиме)
- контроллер самый обычный китайский 350 Вт / 18 А
- батарея 11,5 А/ч (фактически), 48 В, (Запас энергии 552 Вт/ч)
Максимальная скорость по хорошей дороге, в безветренную погоду с полной массой повозки 90 кг — 35 км/ч .
В городских условиях, с периодическими остановками и средней скорости движения 25 км/ч пробег на полном заряде получается 35 км. Средний расход 15 Вт/ч на 1 км пути.
При поездках в полевых условиях по сухим грунтовым лесным дорогам с небольшими кочками пробег около 32,5 км. Средний расход 17 Вт/км.
Ёмкость и конфигурация батареи
Моя батарея собрана из литий-железо-фосфатных аккумуляторов LiitoKala 3,2 V 32700. Заявленный отдаваемый ток у таких ячеек до 33 А. Конфигурация 15S 2P. То есть при работе с моим контроллером она имеет неплохой запас по току. И работает абсолютно «не напрягаясь».
Ёмкость собранной батареи измерялась с помощью ваттметра FT08 RC 150A. И составила 11,5 А/ч при разряде током 10А. Ваттметр достаточно точный, его хвалят в кругах авиамоделистов и его показаниям вполне можно доверять.
Если у Вас покупная батарея, то есть смысл замерить её реальную ёмкость. Она с высокой вероятностью не будет совпадать с маркировкой. Китайские батареи маркируются по упрощенному принципу. Например, если батарея собрана из элементов 18650 промаркированных как 3300 мА/ч, при конфигурации батареи 13S 4P, ёмкость на шильдике будет 4*3300=13200 мА/ч 48 В. Это может абсолютно не соответствовать фактически отдаваемой ёмкости при разряде на велосипеде. Во-первых изначально ёмкость элементов может быть меньше заявленной. Во-вторых, как правило паспортная ёмкость 3300 мА/ч получается при разряде током 0,5 С. При разряде бОльшим током ёмкость будет меньше (зависит от модели ячейки). Таким образом фактическая ёмкость при разряде на велосипеде может составить и 10 А/ч, вместо заявленных 13,2 А/ч. Расчетный пробег электровелосипеда на одной зарядке в таком случае конечно не будет совпадать с реальным. Даже в идеальных условиях поездки.
При выборе батареи или при выборе комплектующих для её сборки необходимо учитывать, что она не должна работать на пределе своих возможностей. Необходимо учитывать не только ёмкость, но и ток, который будет от неё потребляться. Например, если для конфигурации с мотором и контроллером как в моём случае, выбрать батарею из тех же банок, но по схеме 15S 1P. То пробег на одном заряде при тех же условиях будет не 35 км/2=17,5 км. Пробег будет не более 16 км.
Даже учитывая то, что банка способна отдавать ток 18 А, она отдаст в таком режиме не 5,75 А/ч, а около 5,5 А/ч. Дело в том, что она отдаёт уже ток 1,3С продолжительно при равномерном движении и 3,2С при разгоне.
В случае с конфигурацией 15S 2P потребляемый ток от одной банки 7,5А/2=3,75А (0,65С) при равномерном движении. И 18А/2=9А (1,56С) при разгоне.
Условия поездки и пробег электровелосипеда на одной зарядке
И опять же повторяясь о особенностях передвижения на малых удельных мощностях…
На затрачиваемую для передвижения мощность будут сильно влиять внешние факторы. Наличие ветра, качество дороги и даже температура окружающей среды.
На встречный ветер со скоростью уже 10 км/ч (достаточно ощутимый) такому мотору ехать заметно труднее. При скорости движения 20 км/ч средний расход по хорошей дороге составил 19 Вт/км. Зато попутный ветер даёт обратный эффект)
При поездке в безветренную погоду по ровному асфальту и лесной/полевой сухой грунтовке при прочих равных условиях — 15 и 17 Вт/км соответственно.
При температуре ниже нуля, литий железо фосфатная батарея выигрывает у литий ионной. Ёмкость у обоих получается заметно ниже. Заметно ощущается просадка напряжения, из-за увеличенного внутреннего сопротивления, особенно на старте. При температуре -15 оС моя LiFePO отдаёт уже не 11,5 А/ч, а 10 А/ч при разряде током 10А. При стартовом токе 18А и остатке заряда менее 30% BMSка её уже отключает из-за сильной просадки напряжения. На Li Ion при такой температуре ещё сложнее рассчитывать.
Стиль езды
Самый опасный враг дальнего пробега. Спросите у любого автомобилиста о расходе топлива в городе и на трассе. Расход отличается более чем в 1,5 раза. Еще больше разница у любителей быстро ускоряться и резко тормозить. С электротранспортом всё то же самое.
vurcazkircazpatliycaz.H9kKeA4Rsdox
daktilogibigibi.YvtHY9CZLIH4
daxktilogibigibi.R6tuToIL3HiB
yandanxvurulmus.CweGGnMOw0kh
determinedness xyandanxvurulmus.QaYZH4cJZ3df
porno vurgunyedim.tyx551zH66X2
I am so happy to read this. This is the kind of manual that needs to be given and not the accidental misinformation that’s at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this greatest doc.
bahis siteleri child porn yaralandinmieycan.H0xrODBeogav
porn citixx.c2UUMfaAC7N9
food porn hyuqgzhqt.bb9ZoSY8KQOQ
anal sikis siteleri ewrjghsdfaa.P4kjozwMXWGx
sexax wrtgdfgdfgdqq.qTcuT8zE4vxI
bahis siteleri porn sex incest wrtgdfgdfgdqq.5mOanYwdwl69
fuck wrtgdfgdfgdqq.2WGuDhAdia56
amciik siteleri pompadirha.o7Y5hAXsjUfM
escort siteleri asillartaklitler.IZZpBAwUKG9E
watch porn video hephupx.CtKhTMnNsBAU
bahis siteleri incest category hepxhupx.QqCo7Piesuwk
food porn juljulfbi.dA8AZ7h4A3xL
eski rahatiniz olmayacak bjluajszz.OeLS1fIKEpsk
childrens sex bxjluajsxzz.fLDXbx5gKg4W
bahis siteleri incest category 0qbxjluaxcxjsxzz.557jaED6g8Wf
bahis porno 250tldenemebonusuxx.LxzJNshMltWs
am siteleri eyeconartxx.CT3VokBjnvDG
pornhub bahis siteleri vvsetohimalxxvc.gxe0R6thyEkk
craft porn tthighereduhryyy.u9gAVXpUSxE
porn hd k gghkyogg.B4e03E3Tvil
hd porn 4k ggjinnysflogg.Uq5h9g477N4
fashionflag hd porn.in fashionflag.DwglThZlRgt
goodhere Swingers porn vurucutewet.Fp26BRnSrMR
ladyandtherose Celebrity porn backlinkseox.HcMXSEpxrtm
jenniferroy レズビアンのポルノ japanesexxporns.wg0SfioPIRy
landuse Pregnant porn lancdcuse.3A3OwJfVYyE
falbobrospizzamadison Fisting porn jkkıjxxx.Cvk6EAcFiu7
अन्तरजातीय अश्लील qqyyooppxx.iMLHpkqIj6M
बड़का गधा पोर्न के बा hjkvbasdfzxzz.hMDSx1VGr3n
गुदा अश्लीलता txechdyzxca.X21T8Jpp5OG
मिशनरी शैली की अश्लीलता hkyonet.JC3o62YJLeC
ਮਸ਼ਹੂਰ ਪੋਰਨ madisonivysex.RKcHyd9o53F
ladesbet ਵਾਲਾਂ ਵਾਲਾ ਪੋਰਨ ladesinemi.6uBGKB4NJ2x
ladesbet 漫画ポルノ ladestinemi.QTROYsMyv0B
Merely a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw great layout. «He profits most who serves best.» by Arthur F. Sheldon.
I do agree with all the ideas you have presented in your post. They’re really convincing and will definitely work. Still, the posts are very short for beginners. Could you please extend them a little from next time? Thanks for the post.
Hi there would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re working with? I’m looking to start my own blog soon but I’m having a difficult time deciding between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your layout seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S My apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
What Is Puravive? Before we delve into the various facets of the supplement, let’s start with the most important
I really like your writing style, fantastic information, regards for putting up :D. «In every affair consider what precedes and what follows, and then undertake it.» by Epictetus.
Generally I don’t read article on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very compelled me to try and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, quite great post.
Neat blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make my blog shine. Please let me know where you got your theme. Many thanks
It?¦s actually a nice and helpful piece of information. I?¦m happy that you shared this useful information with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
What i don’t realize is actually how you are not actually a lot more well-preferred than you may be right now. You are so intelligent. You already know thus significantly relating to this matter, produced me in my opinion believe it from numerous varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t interested until it’s one thing to do with Girl gaga! Your personal stuffs great. Always take care of it up!
Renew: An OverviewRenew is a dietary supplement that is formulated to help in the weight loss process.
Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem with your web site in internet explorer, would test this… IE still is the market leader and a good portion of people will miss your magnificent writing due to this problem.
I have recently started a web site, the information you offer on this website has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work.
Its wonderful as your other articles : D, thankyou for putting up. «Love is like an hourglass, with the heart filling up as the brain empties.» by Jules Renard.
Saved as a favorite, I really like your blog!
Great site! I am loving it!! Will be back later to read some more. I am taking your feeds also.
Those are yours alright! . We at least need to get these people stealing images to start blogging! They probably just did a image search and grabbed them. They look good though!
You have brought up a very excellent points, thankyou for the post.
Some truly interesting info , well written and generally user pleasant.
My wife and i ended up being very delighted Edward managed to round up his investigations by way of the precious recommendations he grabbed through the web page. It is now and again perplexing to just continually be making a gift of facts which others have been trying to sell. And now we already know we now have you to give thanks to for that. All the explanations you’ve made, the straightforward site navigation, the relationships you can give support to create — it’s got all exceptional, and it is leading our son in addition to the family understand the article is exciting, which is certainly incredibly serious. Many thanks for all!
Tonic Greens: An Overview. Introducing Tonic Greens, an innovative immune support supplement
Tonic Greens: An Overview. Introducing Tonic Greens, an innovative immune support supplement
My brother recommended I would possibly like this blog. He was once entirely right. This publish actually made my day. You cann’t consider simply how so much time I had spent for this info! Thank you!
My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find a lot of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers to write content for yourself? I wouldn’t mind composing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write related to here. Again, awesome site!
I have been surfing online greater than three hours these days, yet I by no means found any interesting article like yours. It?¦s lovely value sufficient for me. Personally, if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the net might be a lot more helpful than ever before.
Good ?V I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your site. I had no trouble navigating through all tabs and related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, website theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Excellent task..
Great post, you have pointed out some fantastic points, I as well conceive this s a very excellent website.
フェチポルノ .JHBooWk874v
ਪਰਿਪੱਕ (40 ) ਪੋਰਨ .0Ex9dkspeVG
ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਪੋਰਨੋਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ .XPj7S5Rw5BK
十代のポルノ .PmVZCHXrSgm
Thanks for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a entertainment account it. Glance complex to more introduced agreeable from you! By the way, how can we keep up a correspondence?
ਅੰਤਰਜਾਤੀ ਪੋਰਨ .jDilNzUzjNq
very good post, i actually love this website, keep on it
Some really superb blog posts on this internet site, appreciate it for contribution.
Wonderful site. Lots of helpful info here. I am sending it to several friends ans additionally sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks on your sweat!
It?¦s really a great and useful piece of information. I am happy that you simply shared this useful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.
Very interesting subject, thanks for posting. «Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired.» by Titus Maccius Plautus.
You have mentioned very interesting points! ps decent internet site. «By their own follies they perished, the fools.» by Homer.
I really enjoy reading through on this website , it contains excellent blog posts.
I am delighted that I discovered this site, precisely the right information that I was searching for! .
you might have an amazing blog right here! would you prefer to make some invite posts on my blog?
Well I truly enjoyed studying it. This post offered by you is very practical for proper planning.
Hi there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it’s really informative. I am going to watch out for brussels. I’ll be grateful if you continue this in future. Many people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
Hey there! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new apple iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and look forward to all your posts! Carry on the outstanding work!
Hi there would you mind letting me know which web host you’re working with? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most. Can you recommend a good hosting provider at a honest price? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!
I think this is among the most significant information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But should remark on some general things, The website style is ideal, the articles is really excellent : D. Good job, cheers
Very good blog you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any user discussion forums that cover the same topics talked about in this article? I’d really like to be a part of group where I can get suggestions from other experienced individuals that share the same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Thanks a lot!
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn something like this before. So nice to find somebody with some authentic ideas on this subject. realy thank you for beginning this up. this web site is one thing that’s needed on the internet, someone with a little bit originality. useful job for bringing one thing new to the web!
I’m still learning from you, while I’m making my way to the top as well. I certainly enjoy reading everything that is posted on your website.Keep the aarticles coming. I liked it!
You are my breathing in, I possess few blogs and occasionally run out from post :). «Fiat justitia et pereat mundus.Let justice be done, though the world perish.» by Ferdinand I.
Oh my goodness! a tremendous article dude. Thank you Nevertheless I’m experiencing problem with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting equivalent rss drawback? Anybody who knows kindly respond. Thnkx
Very good blog! Do you have any recommendations for aspiring writers? I’m hoping to start my own site soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you propose starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally overwhelmed .. Any recommendations? Thanks a lot!
What does the Lottery Defeater Software offer? The Lottery Defeater Software is a unique predictive tool crafted to empower individuals seeking to boost their chances of winning the lottery.
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your web-site is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you¦ve on this blog. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched all over the place and just could not come across. What a perfect web-site.
Right now it seems like WordPress is the top blogging platform available right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?
Thanks for the auspicious writeup. It in truth was a amusement account it. Look complex to more brought agreeable from you! However, how can we keep in touch?
I am not real great with English but I line up this really easy to interpret.
You should participate in a contest for one of the best blogs on the web. I will advocate this website!
What are Ageless Knees? Ageless Knees is a knee pain relieving program. Chris Ohocinski, a State-Licensed and Nationally Certified Athletic Trainer, came up with this program.
Yeah bookmaking this wasn’t a high risk decision outstanding post! .
Great – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly easy to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Quite unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Excellent task..
Thanks for another magnificent post. The place else could anybody get that type of info in such an ideal way of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I’m on the search for such information.
Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it is truly informative. I’m going to watch out for brussels. I will be grateful if you continue this in future. A lot of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
I do not even know the way I ended up here, however I thought this submit was once good. I do not recognize who you are but definitely you are going to a well-known blogger in case you are not already 😉 Cheers!
I love it when people come together and share opinions, great blog, keep it up.
Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was looking for!
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn anything like this before. So good to find someone with some unique thoughts on this subject. realy thanks for starting this up. this website is something that’s wanted on the web, someone with a bit of originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the internet!
Today, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iPad and tested to see if it can survive a forty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now destroyed and she has 83 views. I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
I and my friends came reading the best secrets found on your web blog and so quickly I got an awful feeling I never thanked the website owner for them. All the people appeared to be absolutely stimulated to read all of them and have now honestly been tapping into those things. Many thanks for simply being well helpful as well as for using such quality tips most people are really desirous to be aware of. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
As I website possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling great , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Best of luck.
Very interesting subject , regards for posting.
Some really excellent information, Gladiolus I discovered this. «I have hardly ever known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning.» by Plato.
My partner and I stumbled over here coming from a different web page and thought I should check things out. I like what I see so now i am following you. Look forward to going over your web page yet again.
There is evidently a bunch to identify about this. I think you made various good points in features also.
Hello my friend! I wish to say that this post is awesome, nice written and include approximately all vital infos. I’d like to see more posts like this.
Perfect work you have done, this site is really cool with excellent info .
Do you mind if I quote a few of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your site? My website is in the very same niche as yours and my users would genuinely benefit from some of the information you present here. Please let me know if this okay with you. Appreciate it!
I have not checked in here for some time since I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are good quality so I guess I will add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
Hello my loved one! I want to say that this post is amazing, great written and come with approximately all important infos. I would like to look more posts like this .
Thanks for the sensible critique. Me & my neighbor were just preparing to do some research on this. We got a grab a book from our local library but I think I learned more clear from this post. I am very glad to see such excellent information being shared freely out there.
I was suggested this web site via my cousin. I’m no longer sure whether this post is written by means of him as no one else know such particular about my problem. You are amazing! Thank you!
FP6UNpZn8IG
BieNcP0GJCY
certaknly like you website buut yyou newed tto tst tthe spellingg onn seeral off yor posts.
A numbger oof tem aree riufe wikth spellinhg preoblems
annd I too find iit very troubleome to inform thhe realiy howevcer I’ll surfely come bak
again.
xzq0jo
s4pd4c
4k87k4s4FZA
I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility issues? A few of my blog readers have complained about my website not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Firefox. Do you have any solutions to help fix this problem?